autotools#01#基础知识

众所周知，我们在Linux系统上采用源码编译安装软件，一般就是 ./configure & make & make install 这三步。而 configure 是做什么用途？是怎么生成的？简单来说通过Autotools工具包以及辅助文件生成congfigure，然后该脚本文件生成定制化的Makefile。本系列文章，来探究Autotools的使用方法和实现原理。

Autotools由autoconf、automake、libtool等三部分组成，其中采用m4sh支持不同环境的shell脚本宏定义。

GNU Autoconf is a tool for producing configure scripts for building, installing, and packaging software on computer systems where a Bourne shell is available.
Autoconf is agnostic about the programming languages used, but it is often used for projects using C, C++, Fortran, Fortran 77, Erlang, or Objective-C.

In software development, GNU Automake is a programming tool to automate parts of the compilation process. It eases usual compilation problems. For example, it points to needed dependencies.
It automatically generates one or more Makefile.in from files called Makefile.am. Each Makefile.am contains, among other things, useful variable definitions for the compiled software, such as compiler and linker flags, dependencies and their versions, etc. The generated “Makefile.in”s are portable and compliant with the Makefile conventions in the GNU Coding Standards, and may be used by configure scripts to generate a working Makefile.

autotools的安装

$ sudo apt install autoconf

$ sudo apt install automake

$ sudo apt install libtool libtool-bin

autoconf命令列表

命令	类型	说明
/usr/bin/autoconf	POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable
/usr/bin/autoreconf	Perl script text executable
/usr/bin/autoheader	Perl script text executable
/usr/bin/autoscan	Perl script text executable
/usr/bin/autoupdate	Perl script text executable
/usr/bin/autom4te	Perl script text executable
/usr/bin/ifnames	Perl script text executable

automake命令列表

命令	类型	说明
/usr/bin/aclocal	Perl script text executable
/usr/bin/automake	Perl script text executable

libtool命令列表

命令	类型	说明
/usr/bin/libtool	Bourne-Again shell script, ASCII text executable	所处包：libtool-bin
/usr/bin/libtoolize	POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable	所处包：libtool

官方网站

• autoconf

名称	链接
官方网站	https://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf
官方源码	https://github.com/autotools-mirror/autoconf
官网文档	https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/autoconf/manual https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/autoconf/manual/autoconf-2.72/index.html https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/autoconf/manual/autoconf-2.72/autoconf.pdf
官网下载	https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf https://mirrors.aliyun.com/gnu/autoconf https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf/autoconf-2.72.tar.gz

• automake

名称	链接
官方网站	https://www.gnu.org/software/automake
官方源码	https://github.com/autotools-mirror/automake
官方文档	https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/automake/manual https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/automake/manual/index-full.html https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/automake/manual/1.16.5/automake.html https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/automake/manual/1.16.5/automake.pdf
官网下载	https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/automake https://mirrors.aliyun.com/gnu/automake https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/automake/automake-1.16.5.tar.gz

• libtool

名称	链接
官方网站	https://www.gnu.org/software/libtool
官方源码	https://github.com/autotools-mirror/libtool
官方文档	https://www.gnu.org/software/libtool/manual https://www.gnu.org/software/libtool/manual/libtool.html https://www.gnu.org/software/libtool/manual/libtool.pdf
官网下载	https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libtool https://mirrors.aliyun.com/gnu/libtool https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libtool/libtool-2.4.7.tar.gz

• m4

名称	链接
官方网站	https://www.gnu.org/software/m4
官方源码	https://github.com/autotools-mirror/m4
官方文档	https://www.gnu.org/software/m4/manual https://www.gnu.org/software/m4/manual/m4.html https://www.gnu.org/software/m4/manual/m4.pdf
官网下载	https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/m4 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/gnu/m4 https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/m4/m4-1.4.19.tar.gz

参考资料

• https://tnie.github.io/2017/08/24/autotools

• https://www.cnblogs.com/MenAngel/p/11592104.html

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoconf

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automake